Your menstrual cycle involves more than the days when you have your period. Throughout the month, hormones prepare your body for ovulation and a possible pregnancy. Understanding these changes can help you recognize patterns, track symptoms, and notice when something feels different.
At Birthright of Greater Hartford, we offer free, confidential support for women with questions about pregnancy and related resources. If you think you may be pregnant, schedule an appointment today to receive a free pregnancy test and reliable information.
Phase One: Menstruation
Day one of your menstrual cycle is the first day of your period. If pregnancy did not occur during the previous cycle, hormone levels fall, and the uterus sheds its lining.
Periods can vary in length and flow. Cramping, bloating, headaches, fatigue, food cravings, breast tenderness, and mood changes may occur during this phase.
Although 28 days is often described as the average cycle length, adult menstrual cycles commonly range from approximately 21 to 35 days. Your own cycle may also vary somewhat from month to month.
Phase Two: The Follicular Phase
The follicular phase begins with menstruation and continues until ovulation. During this time, follicles in the ovaries develop, and one typically becomes dominant and prepares to release an egg.
Estrogen rises, and the uterine lining begins thickening again in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
Phase Three: Ovulation
Ovulation occurs when a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the ovary to release a mature egg.
In a 28-day cycle, this may happen around day 14, but it can occur earlier or later depending on the length and regularity of your cycle.
Sperm can remain capable of fertilization for several days, while the egg generally survives for about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation. This creates a fertile window rather than a single fertile moment.
Some women notice clearer, slippery cervical mucus, mild pelvic discomfort, increased sexual desire, breast tenderness, or light spotting near ovulation. Others notice no clear signs.
Phase Four: The Luteal Phase
After ovulation, progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining. If fertilization and implantation do not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels fall, the lining begins to shed, and another period starts.
Stress, illness, weight changes, exercise, medications, hormonal conditions, and pregnancy can all affect cycle timing.
We’re Here When You Need Support
If your period is late or you think pregnancy is possible, Birthright of Greater Hartford is here to listen and help you consider your next steps. We offer medical-grade pregnancy tests, one-on-one support, and more.
Schedule your free, confidential appointment today to get started. We’re looking forward to meeting you.